Sugar was Cuba's principal export from the late eighteenth century
throughout much of the twentieth, and during that time, the
majority of the island's population depended on sugar production
for its livelihood. In "Blazing Cane," Gillian McGillivray examines
the development of social classes linked to sugar production, and
their contribution to the formation and transformation of the
state, from the first Cuban Revolution for Independence in 1868
through the Cuban Revolution of 1959. She describes how cane
burning became a powerful way for farmers, workers, and
revolutionaries to commit sabotage, take control of the harvest
season, improve working conditions, protest political repression,
attack colonialism and imperialism, nationalize sugarmills, and,
ultimately, acquire greater political and economic power.
Focusing on sugar communities in eastern and central Cuba,
McGillivray recounts how farmers and workers pushed the Cuban
government to move from exclusive to inclusive politics and back
again. The revolutionary caudillo networks that formed between 1895
and 1898, the farmer alliances that coalesced in the 1920s, and the
working-class groups of the 1930s affected both day-to-day local
politics and larger state-building efforts. Not limiting her
analysis to the island, McGillivray shows that twentieth-century
Cuban history reflected broader trends in the Western Hemisphere,
from modernity to popular nationalism to Cold War repression.
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