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Spatial Data Configuration in Statistical Analysis of Regional Economic and Related Problems (Paperback, 1989)
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Spatial Data Configuration in Statistical Analysis of Regional Economic and Related Problems (Paperback, 1989)
Series: Advanced Studies in Theoretical and Applied Econometrics, 14
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Figure 1. 1. Map of Great Britain at two different scale levels.
(a) Counties, (b)Regions. '-. " Figure 1. 2. Two alternative
aggregations of the Italian provincie in 32 larger areas 4 CHAPTER
1 d . , b) Figure 1. 3 Percentage of votes of the Communist Party
in the 1987 Italian political elections (a) and percentage of
population over 75 years (b) in 1981 Italian Census in 32 polling
districts. The polling districts with values above the average are
shaded. Figure 1. 4: First order neighbours (a) and second order
neighbours (b) of a reference area. INTRODUCTION 5 While there are
several other problems relating to the analysis of areal data, the
problem of estimating a spatial correlO!J'am merits special
attention. The concept of the correlogram has been borrowed in the
spatial literature from the time series analysis. Figure l. 4. a
shows the first-order neighbours of a reference area, while Figure
1. 4. b displays the second-order neighbours of the same area.
Higher-order neighbours can be defined in a similar fashion. While
it is clear that the dependence is strongest between immediate
neighbouring areas a certain degree of dependence may be present
among higher-order neighbours. This has been shown to be an
alternative way of look ing at the sca le problem (Cliff and Ord,
1981, p. l 23). However, unlike the case of a time series where
each observation depends only on past observations, here dependence
extends in all directions.
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