This study analyzes the economic and environmental effects of
trans-shipping biomass from truck to train. Trans-shipment incurs
incremental fixed costs, and there is a minimum shipping distance
for rail transport above which lower costs per km offset the
incremental fixed costs. The minimum economic shipping distance for
straw exceeds the biomass draw distance, and hence the prospects
for rail transport are limited to cases where traffic congestion
from truck transport would otherwise preclude project development.
In Alberta the layout of existing rail lines precludes a centrally
located wood chip plant supplied by rail, while a more versatile
road system enables it by truck. A consolidated set of life cycle
analysis data is used to investigate the environmental load for
biomass trans-shipment from truck. The results favor train over
truck. In addition, trans-shipment of biomass provides a means to
limit the impact of road congestion and community resistance to
large economic biomass projects.
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