LOED TENNYSONS IDYLLS OF THE KING BY HAKOLD.. LITTLEDALE, M. A.
SENIOR MODERATOR, TRINITY COLLEGE, DUBLIN, FELLOW OP THE UNIVERSITY
OP BOMBAY, VICE-PRINCIPAL AND PROFESSOR OF HISTORY AND ENGLISH
LITERATURE, BARODA COLLEGE, INDIA Honfcon MACMILLAN AND 00. AND NEW
YORK 1893 All rights reset led PKEFACE THE extent of Tennysons fame
may be illustrated by the fact that these Essays on his Idylls were
written as the basis of a course of lectures to an audience
composed of undergraduates in an Indian college. In issuing these
notes for the use of English and American no less than Asiatic
students of our great poet, a number of merely verbal and
grammatical annotations have been omitted, and some alterations
have been made to adapt the work for general use. The object of
this volume is to present a con venient summary of much information
that is dispersed through too many books to be accessible at first
hand in the case of the general reader. The sources of the various
Idylls have been very closely traced, yet in such a manner that the
more earnest student will be tempted to carry his studies further.
At the end of each study on the sources some notes on the text have
been added. vi IDYLLS OF THE KING The purpose of the frequent
citations of parallel passages in these notes would be greatly
misunderstood if it were thought that they implied any disbelief in
the poets originality in passages thus illustrated. Not the least
of the many charms of Tennysons poetry is the seeming combination
of originality and allusiveness in a profusion of passages that
mingle their own fresh music with dim unconscious echoes of poets
dead and gone. To indicate such echoes, and not in any way to
suggest that thelate Laureate imitated his pre decessors, has been
the writers object in noting so many parallelisms. If Tennysons
mind was saturated with ancient and modern literatures as it seemed
to be, it was saturated even more deeply with the spirit of nature
and of truth to nature. All poets thus minded must look over the
limited field of human experience from somewhat similar points of
view. For their scholarly advice on many points tho writers best
thanks are due to his friends Messrs. F. A. H. Elliot, OLE. L.
Ferrar J. J. Heatou and J. L. Jenkins, all of the Civil Service of
India and the Rev. J. M. Hamilton, S. J., of St. Xavievs College,
Bombay. Especial thanks are also due to Mr. Bernard Quaritch for
his kindness in permitting large extracts from the MaUnogion to be
given. The labour of writing these Essays was lightened by PREFACE
vii the hopes that they might be dedicated to the writers father,
and that Lord Tennyson might be pleased to accept a copy of them.
Neither of these hopes was destined to be realised. The little book
can now only be offered as a lowly tribxite of love and reverence
on two graves. H. L. CONTENTS CHAPTER I PAGE THE ARTHURIAN LEGEND .
. 1 CHAPTER II FROM MALORY TO TENNYSON . . .14 CHAPTER III SOME
ARTHURIAN CHARACTERS AND LOCALITIES . 28 CHAPTER IV THE PROLOGUE
AND EPILOGUE ... .51 CHAPTER V THE COMING OF ARTHUR ....,59 CHAPTER
VI GARETH AND LYNETTE . . . . . . 80 CHAPTEE VII THE MARRIAGE OF
GEHAINT . 113 IDYLLS OV T1JK CHAPTER VIII PAIIH GERAINE AND ENID .
. . . . . .130 CHAPTER IX BALIN AND BALAN . . . . . . .153 CHAPTER
X MERLIN AND VIVIEN . . . . . .371 CHAPTER XI LANCELOT AND ELAINE .
. . . . .102 CHAPTER XII THE HOLY GRAIL . . . . . . .217 CHAPTER
XIIIPELLEAS AND ETTARRE . . .244 CHAPTER XIV THE LAST TOURNAMENT .
. . .254 CHAPTER XV GUINEVERE ........ 273 CHAPTER XVI THE PASSING
OF ARTHUR 288 CHAPTEE I THE ARTHURIAN LEGEND WHETHER such, a person
as King Arthur ever existed lias been questioned from the time when
Caxton stated, in his preface to the Morte Darthur, that divers men
hold opinion that there was no such Arthur, and that all such books
as been made of him be but feigned and fables...
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