Seismic waves - generated both by natural earthquakes and by
man-made sources - have produced an enormous amount of information
about the Earth's interior. In classical seismology, the Earth is
modeled as a sequence of uniform horizontal layers (or spherical
shells) having different elastic properties and one determines
these properties from travel times and dispersion of seismic waves.
The Earth, however, is not made of horizontally uniform layers, and
classic seismic methods can take large-scale inhomogeneities into
account. Smaller-scale irregularities, on the other hand, require
other methods. Observations of continuous wave trains that follow
classic direct S waves, known as coda waves, have shown that there
are heterogeneities of random size scattered randomly throughout
the layers of the classic seismic model. This book focuses on
recent developments in the area of seismic wave propagation and
scattering through the randomly heterogeneous structure of the
Earth, with emphasis on the lithosphere. The presentation combines
information from many sources to present a coherent introduction to
the theory of scattering in acoustic and elastic materials and
includes analyses of observations using the theoretical methods
developed. The second edition especially includes new observational
facts such as the spatial variation of medium inhomogeneities and
the temporal change in scattering characteristics and recent
theoretical developments in the envelope synthesis in random media
for the last ten years. Mathematics is thoroughly rewritten for
improving the readability. Written for advanced undergraduates or
beginning graduate students of geophysics or planetary sciences,
this book should also be of interest to civil engineers,
seismologists, acoustical engineers, and others interested in wave
propagation through inhomogeneous elastic media.
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