This thesis discusses the power scaling of ultrashort pulses in
enhancement cavities, utilized in particular for frequency
conversion processes, such as Thomson scattering and high-harmonic
generation. Using custom optics for ultrashort-pulse enhancement
cavities, it demonstrates for the first time that at the envisaged
power levels, the mitigation of thermal effects becomes
indispensable even in cavities comprising solely reflective optics.
It also studies cavities with large beams, albeit with low
misalignment sensitivity, as a way to circumvent intensity-induced
mirror damage. Average powers of several hundred kilowatts are
demonstrated, which benefit hard x-ray sources based on Thomson
scattering. Furthermore, pulses as short as 30 fs were obtained at
more than 10 kW of average power and employed for high-harmonic
generation with photon energies exceeding 100 eV at 250 MHz
repetition rate, paving the way for frequency comb spectroscopy in
this spectral region.
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