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Custom and Reason in Hume - A Kantian Reading of the First Book of the Treatise (Paperback)
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Custom and Reason in Hume - A Kantian Reading of the First Book of the Treatise (Paperback)
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Henry Allison examines the central tenets of Hume's epistemology
and cognitive psychology, as contained in the Treatise of Human
Nature. Allison takes a distinctive two-level approach. On the one
hand, he considers Hume's thought in its own terms and historical
context. So considered, Hume is viewed as a naturalist, whose
project in the first three parts of the first book of the Treatise
is to provide an account of the operation of the understanding in
which reason is subordinated to custom and other non-rational
propensities. Scepticism arises in the fourth part as a form of
metascepticism, directed not against first-order beliefs, but
against philosophical attempts to ground these beliefs in the
"space of reasons." On the other hand, Allison provides a critique
of these tenets from a Kantian perspective. This involves a
comparison of the two thinkers on a range of issues, including
space and time, causation, existence, induction, and the self. In
each case, the issue is seen to turn on a contrast between their
underlying models of cognition. Hume is committed to a version of
the perceptual model, according to which the paradigm of knowledge
is a seeing with the "mind's eye" of the relation between mental
contents. By contrast, Kant appeals to a discursive model in which
the fundamental cognitive act is judgment, understood as the
application of concepts to sensory data, Whereas regarded from the
first point of view, Hume's account is deemed a major philosophical
achievement, seen from the second it suffers from a failure to
develop an adequate account of concepts and judgment.
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