Hermann Osthoff (1847-1909) and Karl Brugmann (1849-1919) were
central figures in the circle of German scholars who rejected a
doctrinal approach to the study of linguistics. They came to be
known as the Neogrammarian school. At the core of their work was
the theory that European languages, together with a subset of
languages found in central and southern Asia, have a common origin
in a single prehistoric language. They called this ancestor
Indo-Germanic (known today as Indo-European) and claimed that its
descendants are all related to one another by varying degrees of
closeness. This six-volume elaboration of this thesis was published
between 1878 and 1910. The preface to Volume 1 (1878) contains the
'Neogrammarian Manifesto' which states categorically that there are
no exceptions in the laws of sound change, while new languages are
formed only in relation to already existing languages.
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