Hilde Lindemann Nelson focuses on the stories of groups of people
-- including Gypsies, mothers, nurses, and transsexuals -- whose
identities have been defined by those with the power to speak for
them and to constrain the scope of their actions. By placing their
stories side by side with narratives about the groups in question,
Nelson arrives at some important insights regarding the nature of
identity.
She regards personal identity as consisting not only of how
people view themselves but also of how others view them. These
perceptions combine to shape the person's field of action. If a
dominant group constructs the identities of certain people through
socially shared narratives that mark them as morally subnormal,
those who bear the damaged identity cannot exercise their moral
agency freely.
Nelson identifies two kinds of damage inflicted on identities by
abusive group relations: one kind deprives individuals of important
social goods, and the other deprives them of self-respect. To
intervene in the production of either kind of damage, Nelson
develops the counterstory, a strategy of resistance that allows the
identity to be narratively repaired and so restores the person to
full membership in the social and moral community. By attending to
the power dynamics that constrict agency, Damaged Identities,
Narrative Repair augments the narrative approaches of ethicists
such as Alasdair MacIntyre, Martha Nussbaum, Richard Rorty, and
Charles Taylor.
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