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Books > History > World history > From 1900
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Managing the Body - Beauty, Health, and Fitness in Britain 1880-1939 (Hardcover, New)
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Managing the Body - Beauty, Health, and Fitness in Britain 1880-1939 (Hardcover, New)
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Managing the Body explores the emergence of modern male and female
bodies within the context of debates about racial fitness and
active citizenship in Britain from the 1880s until 1939. It
analyses the growing popularity of hygienic regimen or body
management such as dietary restrictions, exercise, sunbathing,
dress reform, and birth control to cultivate beauty, health, and
fitness. These bodily disciplines were advocated by a loosely
connected group of life reform and physical culture promoters,
doctors, and public health campaigners against the background of
rapid urbanization, the rise of modern lifestyles, a proliferation
of visual images of beautiful bodies, and eugenicist fears about
racial degeneration.
The author shows that body management was an essential aspect of
the campaign for national efficiency before 1914. The modern nation
state needed physically efficient, disciplined citizens and the
promotion of hygienic practices was an integral component of the
Edwardian welfare reforms. Anxieties about physical deterioration
persisted after the First World War, as demonstrated by the launch
of new pressure groups that aimed to transform Britain from a C3 to
an A1 nation. These military categories became a recurrent metaphor
throughout the interwar years and the virtuous habits of the
healthy and fit A1 citizen were juxtaposed with those of the C3
anti-citizen, whose undisciplined lifestyle was attributed to
ignorance and lack of self-control. Practices such as
vegetarianism, nudism, and men's dress reform were utopian and
appealed only to a small minority, but sunbathing, hiking, and
keep-fit classes became mainstream activities and they were
promoted in the National Government's 'National Fitness Campaign'
of the late 1930s.
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