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Right-Wing Radicalism and National Socialism in Germany - Confessional Factors in Support and Resistance (Paperback)
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Right-Wing Radicalism and National Socialism in Germany - Confessional Factors in Support and Resistance (Paperback)
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This book explores the total resistance to Nazism among the
Catholic Christian voters of the Zentrum party in the elections in
German states in the Interwar period. Kolden explains the unique
Catholic resistance by comparing the diverging evolutions of
Catholic and Protestant cultures and mentalities since the
awakening of German nationalism in the late 18th century. During
the Empire (1871-1918) both socialists and Catholics were regarded
as pariah groups by the dominant non-socialist Protestant majority,
and more so after the WW1 defeat, when the pariah-parties, together
with Protestant liberals, tried to accommodate the new democratic
circumstances with their Weimar Constitution. When right-wing
radicals, and eventually the Nazis, increased their support
-largely on behalf of the rapid shrinking number of liberals-the
Catholic church leaders showed a stubborn stance against the
rightists, issuing several resolutions of condemnation from the
middle of the 1920s until 1933, whereas no such appeared from their
Protestant counterparts. In contrast, many local Protestant
clergymen agitated for the Nazi party. The anti-Catholic sentiment,
which had been obvious among some Nazis in the 1920s, was
intensified with the publication of Alfred Rosenbergs The Myth of
the 20th Century after the election in 1930, which enhanced the
antagonism. The basic and profound difference in Catholic and
Protestant cultures also appears in the difference between the less
Christian-profiled agrarian parties, which were confessionally
separated: antisemitic and right-wing radical Protestant parties
confronted by one left-wing and democratic Catholic party. By1945
the bulk of the former rightist Protestants sided with the
Catholics, who reorganized their party to the non-denominational
CDU, which has been the mightiest proponent in Europe of the former
party's ambitions of democracy, stability, anti-racism, human
rights, and European unity.
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