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Property, Land, Revenue, and Policy - The East India Company, c.1757-1825 (Hardcover)
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Property, Land, Revenue, and Policy - The East India Company, c.1757-1825 (Hardcover)
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For the first century-and-a-half of its nearly 275 year existence,
the English East India Company remained ostensibly a mercantile
enterprise, satisfied to simply trade, competing with other
European traders. In the middle of the eighteenth century, as a
response to French expansion in India, the East India Company
redefined itself, becoming an active participant in India's 'game
of thrones'. Through the use of its military might, only
tentatively supported by the English Crown and Parliament, the
Company dominated trade, became a king-maker, and ultimately a
colonial administrator over much of the Indian Subcontinent. The
Company had become a state in the guise of a merchant. The Company
consolidated its position in Bengal, then began to exert its power
by toppling local potentates and absorbing one princely state after
another. Confronted with a land system that was built on custom and
tradition, and not law, with no tradition of land ownership, the
British were forced to formulate a new land tenure and revenue
system for India, one based on British principles of property.
Permanent Settlement was the new government's first attempt at
creating a new revenue system. Through its creation, for the first
time, private property rights were conferred on the formerly
non-landowning zamindars. Which, as this authoritative volume notes
in turn, created a land market, destabilizing the political and
social structure of India irretrievably.
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