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Disarmament and Decommissioning in the Nuclear Domain (Hardcover)
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Disarmament and Decommissioning in the Nuclear Domain (Hardcover)
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Following the acquisition of the atomic bomb by five states, the
United Nations began drafting several treaties to limit nuclear
proliferation. These efforts failed, as four more states also
acquired nuclear weapons. In a similar vein, an attempt to limit
atomic weapons - primarily within the two superpowers - was
initiated. While the number of weapons has decreased, the new bombs
now being manufactured are more powerful and more precise, negating
any reduction in numbers. In the field of civil nuclear use, all
nuclear facilities (reactors, factories, etc.) have a limited
lifespan. Once a plant is permanently shut down, these facilities
must be decommissioned and dismantled. These operations are
difficult, time-consuming and costly. In addition, decommissioning
generates large volumes of radioactive waste of various categories,
including long-lived and high-activity waste. Risks to the
environment and to health are not negligible during
decommissioning. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and
the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) of the Organisation for Economic
Co-operation and Development (OECD) have produced numerous
publications with recommendations. Each state has its own
decommissioning strategy (immediate or delayed) and final plan for
the site - whether it be returning it to greenfield status or
obtaining a nuclear site license with centuries-long monitoring.
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