In mammals, the major factors involved in the regulation of body
growth are known: insulin-like growth factors (IGF) are key
regulators of somatic growth. Growth hormone (GH), secreted by the
pituitary gland, directly regulates circulating levels of IGF-I,
which is the major coordinator of spatio-temporal growth of the
organism. In humans, growth is even more complex, involving a
number of specific characteristics not found in other species.
These include rapid intrauterine growth, deceleration just after
birth, a mid-childhood growth spurt, a second deceleration before
puberty, an adolescent growth spurt, and finally full statural
growth, which is seen somewhat later. The combined knowledge
concerning the endocrine and paracrine aspects of growth have led
to the introduction of treatment regimens, most effective in
GH-deficient children. However, size depends on the combination of
a number of genetic factors, and there remain several aspects of
this complex process still poorly understood.
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