Learn how baby animals like pandas, penguins, elephants, kittens, and frogs grow and change! This science reader introduces students to the concepts of growth and change. With easy-to-read text, this book teaches students important scientific subjects and vocabulary terms. Aligned to state and national standards, the book contains nonfiction text features like an index, a glossary, captions, bold font, and detailed images to keep students connected to the text. A hands-on science experiment helps students apply what they have learned and develops critical thinking skills.

Adoptive Cell Transfer, Volume 370 in the International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology series highlights advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters written by an international board of authors who expound on topics such as the Impact of tumor microenvironment on Adoptive Cell Transfer activity, Dendritic Cell Transfer, CAR-T Cell dysfunction and exhaustion, NK Cell-based cancer immunotherapy, Enabling CAR-T cells for solid tumors: rage against the suppressive tumor microenvironment, Improving Adoptive T-Cell therapy with cytokines administration, and What will (and should) be improved in Immunotherapy with CAR?

The Immunological Synapse - Part B, Volume 178 in the Methods in Cell Biology series provides state-of-the-art methods for the study of the immunological synapse. This first volume covers various aspects on T cell and natural killer (NK) cell synapses, including imaging polarized granule release using TIRF microscopy, analysis of actin reorganization and centrosome polarization, redirected degranulation, live cell-imaging to quantify cytotoxic and chemotactic dynamics, quantification of interactions between APCs and T cells, assessment of membrane lipid state at the immunological synapse, proteomic analysis and imaging of NK-tumor cell interaction, evaluating natural killer cell effector functions against breast cancer cells derived from human tumor tissue, evaluation of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified cell immunological synapse quality using the glass-supported planar lipid bilayer, and monitoring potency of therapeutic CAR T cells. It also includes one chapter on quantification of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus specific T cells and LCMV viral titers, and one chapter on the murine antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis assay.

Advances in Genetics serial, Volume 110 highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on a variety of timely topics, all written by an international board of authors.

Advances in Genetics, Volume 109 in this ongoing series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters written by an international board of authors. Chapters in this new release include Epigenetic regulation of angiogenesis in tumor progression, RecBCD and Chi hotspots as determinants of self vs. non-self: A re-evaluation, Horizontal gene transfer to plants from Agrobacterium and related bacterial species, and more.

Viral Vectors in Cancer Immunotherapy, Volume 379 in the International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology presents the latest on cancer immunotherapy and how it has transformed cancer treatment through advances in immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell therapy. Chapters in this new release include Past, present and future of viral vectors in cancer immunotherapy, Alphaviruses in cancer immunotherapy, Adenoviral-based cancer gene therapy, Armored modified vaccinia Ankara in cancer immunotherapy, Strategies of Semliki Forest virus in immuno-oncology, Maraba virus in cancer immunotherapy, Oncolytic viruses in hematological malignancies, Oncolytic virus for cancer therapies: Overview and future directions, and more. The use of genetically modified viruses allows the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules, while the immune system receives danger signals from the viruses themselves. In some cases, the virus can also induce tumor cell death. This book will review advances in virus-based cancer immunotherapy in both solid tumors and hematologic malignancies.

Radiation Oncology and Radiotherapy, Part B, Volume 174 in the Methods in Cell Biology series, highlights advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on timely topics including CT-assisted focal irradiation of tumors in mice, Methods to preserve correct dosimetry in small animal irradiators, Monitoring TGFbeta signaling in irradiated tumors, Cytofluorometric characterization of the lymphoid compartment of irradiated tumors, Cytofluorometric characterization of the myeloid compartment of irradiated tumors, Mass cytometry to characterize the immune infiltrate of irradiated tumors, Characterization of the immune infiltrate in irradiated mouse tumor by multiplex immunofluorescence, and much more. Other chapters cover Methods to study FOXP3+CD8+ cells in irradiated bone metastases, Luminex-based characterization of cytokine signaling by irradiated tumors, Explant-based assessment of anticancer immunity in irradiated tumors, Pipeline to characterize the TCR repertoire of irradiated tumors, Pipeline to identify tumor neoantigens exposed by radiation, and more.

Although Charles Darwin's theory of evolution laid the foundations of modern biology, it did not tell the whole story. Most remarkably, "The Origin of Species" said very little about, of all things, the origins of species. Darwin and his modern successors have shown very convincingly how inherited variations are naturally selected, but they leave unanswered how variant organisms come to be in the first place.In "Symbiotic Planet," renowned scientist Lynn Margulis shows that symbiosis, which simply means members of different species living in physical contact with each other, is crucial to the origins of evolutionary novelty. Ranging from bacteria, the smallest kinds of life, to the largest--the living Earth itself--Margulis explains the symbiotic origins of many of evolution's most important innovations. The very cells we're made of started as symbiotic unions of different kinds of bacteria. Sex--and its inevitable corollary, death--arose when failed attempts at cannibalism resulted in seasonally repeated mergers of some of our tiniest ancestors. Dry land became forested only after symbioses of algae and fungi evolved into plants. Since all living things are bathed by the same waters and atmosphere, all the inhabitants of Earth belong to a symbiotic union. Gaia, the finely tuned largest ecosystem of the Earth's surface, is just symbiosis as seen from space. Along the way, Margulis describes her initiation into the world of science and the early steps in the present revolution in evolutionary biology; the importance of species classification for how we think about the living world; and the way "academic apartheid" can block scientific advancement. Written with enthusiasm and authority, this is a book that could change the way you view our living Earth.

Chromatin and DNA Repair in Cancer, Volume 364 in the International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology series reviews and details current advances in cell and molecular biology. Chapters in this new release cover Genomic Instability and metabolism in cancer, Histones variants and Histones modifications in cancer and Aging, DNA Double-stranded breaks Repair in Cancer, Reactive oxygen species and DNA damage response in cancer, Transcription-Associated DNA Breaks and Cancer: A Matter of DNA Topology, Mechanisms of Base Excision Repair: Its Significance to Human Health, and more. The IRCMB series has a worldwide readership, maintaining a high standard by publishing invited articles on important and timely topics that are authored by prominent cell and molecular biologists. The articles published in IRCMB have a high impact and an average cited half-life of 9 years. This great resource ranks high amongst scientific journals dealing with cell biology.

One, No One, One Hundred Thousand - The Multifaceted Role of Macrophages in Health and Disease - Part B, Volume 369 provides in-depth reviews on the last progresses on the role of macrophages in health and diseases, with a special focus on the role of macrophages during development. New chapters cover The role of salivary gland macrophages in infection, disease and repair, Reprogramming or replacing brain macrophages to treat neurodegenerative disease, Targeting macrophages for cancer immunotherapy, Heart Macrophages at steady-state and disease: simple bystanders or active players?, Macrophages in the liver, and Developmental programming of macrophages.

The protein molecule is the basic building block of every living entity. Its deficiency leads to restricted growth and development of individuals. Globally, such malnutrition is on the rise due to various reasons such as rapid population growth, stagnation of productivity, and ever-rising costs. Millions of people, especially in developing and under-developed countries, suffer from protein malnutrition and the only possible solution is to encourage farmers to grow high-protein food legume crops in their fields for domestic consumption. This, however, could be possible if farmers are provided with new cultivars with high yield, and resistance to major insects, diseases, and key abiotic stresses. The major food legume crops are chickpea, cowpea, common bean, groundnut, lentil, pigeonpea, and soybean. Predominantly, the legume crops are grown under a subsistence level and, therefore, in comparison to cereals and horticultural crops their productivity is low and highly variable. The crop breeders around the globe are engaged in breeding suitable cultivars for harsh and changing environments but success has been limited and not up to needs. With the recent development of new technologies in plant sciences, efforts are being made to help under-privileged farmers through breeding new cultivars which will produce more protein per unit of land area. In this book, the contributors analyze the constraints, review new technologies, and propose a future course of crop breeding programs in seven cold and warm season legume crops.

The brains of males and females, men and women, are different, that is a fact. What is debated is how different and how important are those differences. Sex differences in the brain are determined by genetics, hormones, and experience, which in humans includes culture, society, and parental and peer expectations. The importance of nonbiological variables to sex differences in humans is paramount, making it difficult if not impossible to parse out those contributions that are truly biological. The study of animals provides us the opportunity to understand the magnitude and scope of biologically based sex differences in the brain, and understanding the cellular mechanisms provides us insight into novel sources of brain plasticity. Many sex differences are established during a developmental sensitive window by differences in the hormonal milieu of males versus females. The neonatal testis produces large amounts of testosterone which gains access to the brain and is further metabolized into active androgens and estrogens which modify brain development. Major parameters that are influenced by hormones include neurogenesis, cell death, neurochemical phenotype, axonal and dendritic growth, and synaptogenesis. Variance in these parameters results in sex differences in the size of particular brain regions, the projections between brain regions, and the number and type of synapses within particular brain regions. The cellular mechanisms are both region and endpoint specific and invoke many surprising systems such as prostaglandins, endocannabinoids, and cell death proteins. Epigenetic modifications to the genome both establish and maintain sex differences in the brain and behavior. By understanding when, why, and how sex differences in the brain are established, we may also learn the source of strong gender biases in the relative risk and severity of numerous neurological diseases and disorders of mental health. Boys are much more likely to be diagnosed with autism spectrum or attention and hyperactivity disorders, as well as speech and language deficits, compared to girls. By contrast, women are more likely to suffer from affective disorders, such as depression, anxiety, compulsion, and eating disorders and more likely to experience autoimmune and neurodegenerative disorders. Schizophrenia with an early onset is more common in males but a late-onset version is markedly more frequent in females. Male biased disorders have origins in development while female biased disorders are almost exclusively post-puberty. This remarkable shift in disease risk demands our attention. Novel insights into the biological origins of disease are also gained by comparing and contrasting the same processes in different sexes.

Natural resources and associated biological diversity provide the basis of livelihood for human population, particularly in the rural areas and mountain regions across the globe. Asia is home to the world's highest mountain regions including the Himalayas, Karakorum and Hindukush. These regions are renowned around the globe because of their unique beauty, climate, and biocultural diversity. Because of geoclimatic conditions, the mountains of Asia are medicinal and food plant diversity hot spots. The indigenous communities residing in the valleys of these mountains have their own culture and traditions, and have a long history of interaction with the surrounding plant diversity. Local inhabitants of these mountains areas possess significant traditional knowledge of plant species used as food, medicine, and for cultural purposes. So far, many workers have reported traditional uses of plant species from different regions of Asia including some mountain areas; however, there is not one inclusive document on the ethnobotany of mountains in Asia. This book provides a comprehensive overview on ethno-ecological knowledge and cross cultural variation in the application of plant species among various communities residing in the mountains of Asia; cross cultural variation in traditional uses of plant species by the mountain communities; high value medicinal and food plant species; and threats and conservation status of plant species and traditional knowledge. This book should be useful to researchers of biodiversity and conservation, ethnobiologists, ethnoecologists, naturalists, phytochemists, pharmacists, policy makers, and all who have a devotion to nature.

Cellular and Molecular Aspects of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms - Part A, Volume 365 in the International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology series reviews and details current advances in cell and molecular biology. Chapters in this new release include MPN a continuum of different disease entities, Bone marrow microenvironment of MPN, Extramedullary hemopoiesis in MPN, The JAK2 mutation, Calreticulin mutations in myeloproliferative neoplasms, and Cytogenetic abnormalities and non-driver mutations in MPN. The IRCMB series has a worldwide readership, maintaining a high standard by publishing invited articles on important and timely topics that are authored by prominent cell and molecular biologists. The articles published in IRCMB have a high impact and an average cited half-life of 9 years. This great resource ranks high amongst scientific journals dealing with cell biology.

This book explores the potential applications of animal stem cells in veterinary medicine. It begins with an overview of stem cells and their application in treating various animal diseases, including mastitis. In turn, the book discusses the challenges of using stem cells in regenerative medicine and emphasizes the importance of understanding the action of stem cells and preclinical evidence for ensuring safety and therapeutic efficacy. It also presents methods for the identification, characterization, and quantification of stem cells. Further, it discusses the therapeutic applications of different stem cells, including milk-derived, testicular, and mesenchymal stem cells in veterinary medicine. Lastly, it discusses strategies for and therapeutic applications of genome editing by CRISPER/Cas9 in mammary stem cells. As such, the book offers a valuable resource for students and scientists working in the veterinary sciences and veterinarians.

This book summarizes various tools and techniques used to provide insights into the cellular and molecular pathophysiology of stroke. It also presents rodent animal models to help shed light on the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke. Presenting the latest information on the different types of stroke, including embolic, filament, photothrombotic, and bilateral common carotid artery, the book also describes techniques that are used for confirmation of stroke surgery, such as laser speckle imaging (LSI) and laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF), and discusses the non-human primates that are used in stroke surgery, cerebral venous sinuous thrombosis, and neurobehavioral assessment. Lastly, it analyzes various neuroprotective agents to treat and prevent ischemic stroke, and examines the challenges and advances in treating and preventing acute ischemic stroke.