The Tao Te Ching, Dao De Jing, or Daodejing, whose authorship has
been attributed to Laozi, is a Chinese classic text. Its name comes
from the opening words of its two sections: dao "way," Chapter 1,
and de "virtue/power," Chapter 38, plus jing "classic." According
to tradition, it was written around the 6th century BC by the sage
Laozi (or Lao Tzu, "Old Master"), a record-keeper at the Zhou
Dynasty court, by whose name the text is known in China. The text's
true authorship and date of composition or compilation are still
debated. The text is fundamental to the Philosophical Daoism
(Daojia and strongly influenced other schools, such as Legalism and
Neo-Confucianism. This ancient book is also central in Chinese
religion, not only for Religious Daoism but Chinese Buddhism, which
when first introduced into China was largely interpreted through
the use of Daoist words and concepts. Many Chinese artists,
including poets, painters, calligraphers, and even gardeners have
used the Daodejing as a source of inspiration. Its influence has
also spread widely outside East Asia, aided by hundreds of
translations into Western languages. The Wade-Giles romanization
"Tao Te Ching" dates back to early English transliterations in the
late 19th century, and many people continue using it, especially
for words and phrases that have become well-established in English.
The pinyin romanization "Daodejing" originated in the late 20th
century, and this romanization is becoming increasingly popular,
having been adopted as the official system by the Chinese
government.
General
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