Current growth in global aquaculture is paralleled by an equally
significant increase in companies involved in aquafeed manufacture.
Latest information has identified over 1,200 such companies, not
including those organizations in production of a variety of other
materials, i. e. , vitamins, minerals, and therapeutics, all used
in varying degrees in proper feed formulation. Aquaculture
industries raising particular economically valued species, i. e. ,
penaeid shrimps and salmonids, are making major demands on feed
ingredients, while relatively new industries, such as til apia
farming, portent a significant acceleration in demand for properly
formulated aquafeeds by the end of the present decade and into the
next century. As requirements for aquafeeds increases, shortages
are anticipated in various ingredients, especially widely used
proteinaceous resources such as fish meal. A variety of other
proteinaceous commodities are being considered as partial or
complete replacement for fish meal, especially use of plant protein
sources such as soybean meal. In the past five years, vegetable
protein meal production has increased 10% while fish meal
production has dropped over 50%, since 1989, largely attributed to
overfishing and serious decline in wild stock. Throughout fisheries
processing industries, traditional concepts as "waste" have given
way to more prudent approaches, emphasizing total by-product
recovery. Feed costs are a major consideration in aquaculture where
in some groups, i. e. , salmonids, high protein-containing feeds
using quality fish meal, can account for as much as 40 to 60% of
production costs.
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