Nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) a highly promising new
technique for bulk explosives detection: relatively inexpensive,
more compact than NMR, but with considerable selectivity. Since the
NQR frequency is insensitive to long-range variations in
composition, mixing explosives with other materials, such as the
plasticizers in plastic explosives, makes no difference. The NQR
signal strength varies linearly with the amount of explosive, and
is independent of its distribution within the volume monitored. NQR
spots explosive types in configurations missed by the X-ray imaging
method.
But if NQR is so good, why it is not used everywhere? Its main
limitation is the low signal-to-noise ratio, particularly with the
radio-frequency interference that exists in a field environment,
NQR polarization being much weaker than that from an external
magnetic field. The distinctive signatures are there, but are
difficult to extract from the noise. In addition, the high
selectivity is partly a disadvantage, as it is hard to build a
multichannel system necessary to cover a wide range of target
substances. Moreover, substances fully screened by metallic
enclosures, etc. are difficult to detect. A workshop was held at St
Petersburg in July 2008 in an attempt to solve these problems and
make NQR the universal technique for the detection of bombs
regardless of type. This book presents the essentials of the papers
given there.
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