Neuroimmunology could be defined as the application of
immunological methods to problems in neurobiology but such a
definition is so all encompassing as to be unhelpful. It is not a
precisely circumscribed discipline but it seems worthwhile at the
outset to point to three of the major areas of activity. One rather
early use of the term was in connection with studies on the immune
response to antigens in the nervous system. This includes topics
such as autoimmunity in the central and peripheral nervous sys
tems, the response to neural tumors or viral infections, and the im
munopathology of such processes. Although not at the forefront of
the currently fashionable preoccupation with neuroimmunology, this
area continues to be a vital and interesting one from both clinical
and basic perspectives. A second very active area is the
exploitation of antibodies to iden tified components of neural
cells, and in particular to those molecules involved as
neurotransmitters, in transmitter synthesis and breakdown, and as
synaptic receptors. The immunohistochemical detection of these
antigens has led to new insights into the functional organization
of the nervous system, and reference to such studies is almost a
sz'ne qua non for discussions of most central and peripheral
synapses."
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