This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC
BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. It is free to read at Oxford
Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and
selected open access locations. The Egyptian al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya
and Islamic Jihad have shaped the trajectory of jihadi salafism
since its inception and defined a key strategic divide between
mass-movement mobilization and elitist avant-gardism. Despite their
shared histories, however, al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya rejected
al-Qaeda's transnational violence and became a political party
after 2011, whereas Islamic Jihad has formed the backbone of Osama
bin Laden's organization. These strategic divergences are puzzling
since these groups emerged in the same country around congruent
ideologies. Institutionalizing Violience develops an institutional
approach to radicalization to compare the two groups' comparative
trajectories. It is based on extensive field research conducted
with their leaders and members in Egypt. The interviews provide a
unique perspective on how jihadi groups make and implement new
strategic decisions in changing environments, as well as the
evolution of their approaches to violence and non-violence.
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