Just as Latin American countries began to transition to democracy
in the late 1970s and early 1980s, the region also saw gains in
social, cultural and economic gender equality. In accordance with
modernization theories, women in the region have also made
significant inroads into elected office. However, these gains vary
a great deal between countries in Latin America. They also vary
significantly at different levels of government even within the
same country. Inside government arenas, representation is highly
gendered with rules and norms that advantage men and disadvantage
women, limiting women's access to full political power. While one
might expect these variations to map onto socioeconomic and
cultural conditions within each country, they don't correlate. This
book makes, for the first time, a comprehensive comparison of
gender and representation across the region - in seven countries -
and at five different levels: the presidency, cabinets, national
legislatures, political parties, and subnational governments.
Overall, it argues that gender inequality in political
representation in Latin America is rooted in democratic
institutions and the democratic challenges and political crises
facing the region. Institutions and political context not only
influence the number of women and men elected to office, but also
what they do once in office, the degree of power to which they gain
access, and how their presence and actions influence democracy and
society, more broadly. Drawing on the expertise of scholars of
women, gender, and political institutions, this book is the most
comprehensive analysis of women's representation in Latin America
to date, and an important resource for research on women's
representation worldwide. The causes, consequences, and challenges
to women's representation in Latin America are not unique to that
region, and the book uses Latin American patterns to draw broad
conclusions about gendered representation in other areas of the
world.
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