The equine sarcoid, a locally aggressive, fibroblastic skin tumour,
is the most common skin neoplasm reported in horses. The Cape
mountain zebra (CMZ) has been described as one of the most
vulnerable mammals in South Africa. The possibility exists that the
existing populations arose from a very small gene pool and that
they are considerably inbred. A reduction in major
histocompatibility complex diversity due to genetic bottlenecks and
subsequent inbreeding probably contributed to uniform population
sensitivity and the subsequent development of sarcoid in two CMZ
populations, namely in the Bontebok National Park and Gariep Nature
Reserve. The entire population of CMZ in the Bontebok National Park
was observed and sampled during 2002 to document the prevalence and
body distribution of sarcoids. During the same year, a comparative
study was carried out on an outbred population of Burchell's zebra
in the Kruger National Park. The prevalence in CMZ in the Bontebok
National Park was 53 %, while the Burchell's zebra in Kruger
National Park had a prevalence of 1,9 %. The most common sites for
sarcoid in CMZ were the ventral abdomen and limbs.
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