Athens is an historical anomaly. Excavations date its first
settlement to over seven thousand years ago, yet it only became the
capital of Greece in 1834. During the intervening centuries it was
occupied by almost every mobile culture in Europe: from its
earliest likely settlers, tribes from what is now Albania, to Nazi
forces during the second World War, and in between by successive
waves of Persians, Macedonians, Romans, Slavs, Goths, Venetians,
French, Catalans, Turks, Italians, Bulgarians and the clans of
various kings and tyrants of the region's early city-states. There
has been a structure on its 'high city', the acropolis, since at
least the bronze age, although it was subsequently altered by
successive occupiers, becoming a fort, castle, temple, mosque,
church and even a harem. its 'Golden Age' peaked in the fifth
century BCE, with the great building projects of Pericles and
Themistocles, and its later history is one of a city already
nostalgic for its past, although at a time when other European
cities had yet to begin constructing a past.
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