Why is film becoming increasingly important to philosophers? Is
it because it can be a helpful tool in teaching philosophy, in
illustrating it? Or is it because film can also think for itself,
because it can create its own philosophy? In fact, a popular claim
amongst film philosophers is that film is no mere handmaiden to
philosophy, that it does more than simply illustrate philosophical
texts: rather, film itself can philosophise in direct audio-visual
terms. Approaches that purport to grant to film the possibility of
being more than illustrative can be found in the subtractive
ontology of Alain Badiou, the Wittgensteinian analyses of Stanley
Cavell, and the materialist semiotics of Gilles Deleuze. In each
case there is a claim that film can think in its own way. Too
often, however, when philosophers claim to find indigenous
philosophical value in film, it is only on account of refracting it
through their own thought: film philosophizes because it accords
with a favored kind of extant philosophy.
"Refractions of Reality: Philosophy and the Moving Image" is the
first book to examine all the central issues surrounding the vexed
relationship between the film image and philosophy. In it, John
Mullarkey tackles the work of particular philosophers and theorists
(Zizek, Deleuze, Cavell, Bordwell, Badiou, Branigan, Ranciere,
Frampton, and many others) as well as general philosophical
positions (Analytical and Continental, Cognitivist and Culturalist,
Psychoanalytic and Phenomenological). Moreover, he also offers an
incisive analysis and explanation of several prominent forms of
film theorizing, providing a metalogical account of their mutual
advantages and deficiencies that will prove immensely useful to
anyone interested in the details of particular theories of film
presently circulating, as well as correcting, revising, and
revisioning the field of film theory as a whole.
Throughout, Mullarkey asks whether the reduction of film to text
is unavoidable. In particular: must philosophy (and theory) always
transform film into pretexts for illustration? What would it take
to imagine how film might itself theorize without reducing it to
standard forms of thought and philosophy? Finally, and
fundamentally, must we change our definition of philosophy and even
of thought itself in order to accommodate the specificities that
come with the claim that film can produce philosophical theory? If
a 'non-philosophy' like film can think philosophically, what does
that imply for orthodox theory and philosophy?
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