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Books > History > American history
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Indentured Migration and the Servant Trade from London to America, 1618-1718 - 'There is Great Want of Servants' (Hardcover)
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Indentured Migration and the Servant Trade from London to America, 1618-1718 - 'There is Great Want of Servants' (Hardcover)
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The key role played by indentured servants in the settlement and
development of the English colonies in the West Indies and the
North American mainland in the first century of English
colonisation has been overshadowed by interest in the much larger
later trade in African slaves. 'There is Great Want of Servants'
provides the first full examination of the English trade in
indentured servants, which delivered the majority of an estimated
457,000 white people who migrated to the American colonies before
1720. English colonisation intended to create 'new Englands out of
England' - to enlarge trade and plantation - but settlement
required people to work the land. Labour had to be transported over
4,000 miles of threatening ocean in a new system of indentured
servitude, in which people paid for their transportation and keep,
with four years of unpaid service for adults, and more for children
and adolescents. The system was not benign, neither in the sugar
plantations of the West Indies and the tobacco plantations of
Maryland and Virginia, nor at the centre of the trade in London and
in other ports such as Bristol. Merchants, procurers, and masters
of ships often used illicit methods to recruit servants as human
cargo. Measures to reduce spiriting by making the offence a felony
punishable by hanging, or registering servants in new offices, had
little effect. The 1718 Transportation Act eased servant
recruitment, but when wars in 1689-1697 and 1702-1713 disrupted the
supply of servants, and demand for the addictive products of the
sugar and tobacco colonies soared in Britain and Europe, white
servants were increasingly substituted by African chattel slaves.
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