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Refining Nature - Standard Oil and the limits of Efficiency (Paperback)
Loot Price: R1,371
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Refining Nature - Standard Oil and the limits of Efficiency (Paperback)
Series: History of the Urban Environment
Expected to ship within 10 - 15 working days
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The Standard Oil Company emerged out of obscurity in the 1860s to
capture 90 percent of the petroleum refining industry in the United
States during the Gilded Age. John D. Rockefeller, the company's
founder, organized the company around an almost religious
dedication to principles of efficiency. Economic success masked the
dark side of efficiency as Standard Oil dumped oil waste into
public waterways, filled the urban atmosphere with acrid smoke, and
created a consumer safety crisis by selling kerosene below
congressional standards. Local governments, guided by a desire to
favor the interests of business, deployed elaborate engineering
solutions to tackle petroleum pollution at taxpayer expense rather
than heed public calls to abate waste streams at their source. Only
when refinery pollutants threatened the health of the Great Lakes
in the twentieth century did the federal government respond to a
nascent environmental movement. Organized around the four classical
elements at the core of Standard Oil's success (earth, air, fire,
and water), Refining Nature provides an ecological context for the
rise of one of the most important corporations in American history.
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