Josef Stern addresses the question: Given the received conception
of the form and goals of semantic theory, does metaphorical
interpretation, in whole or part, fall within its scope? The many
philosophers, linguists, and cognitive scientists writing on
metaphor over the past two decades have generally taken for granted
that metaphor lies outside, if not in opposition to, received
conceptions of semantics and grammar. Assuming that metaphor cannot
be explained by or within semantics, they claim that metaphor has
little, if anything, to teach us about semantic theory. In this
book Josef Stern challenges these assumptions. He is concerned
primarily with the question: Given the received conception of the
form and goals of semantic theory, does metaphorical
interpretation, in whole or part, fall within its scope?
Specifically, he asks, what (if anything) does a speaker-hearer
know as part of her semantic competence when she knows the
interpretation of a metaphor? According to Stern, the answer to
these questions lies in the systematic context-dependence of
metaphorical interpretation. Drawing on a deep analogy between
demonstratives, indexicals, and metaphors, Stern develops a formal
theory of metaphorical meaning that underlies a speaker's ability
to interpret a metaphor. With his semantics, he also addresses a
variety of philosophical and linguistic issues raised by metaphor.
These include the interpretive structure of complex extended
metaphors, the cognitive significance of metaphors and their
literal paraphrasability, the pictorial character of metaphors, the
role of similarity and exemplification in metaphorical
interpretation, metaphor-networks, dead metaphors, the relation of
metaphors to other figures, and the dependence of metaphors on
literal meanings. Unlike most metaphor theorists, however, who take
these problems to be sui generis to metaphor, Stern subsumes them
under the same rubric as other semantic facts that hold for
nonmetaphorical language.
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