Fossil fuels propelled industries and nations into the modern age
and continue to powerfully influence economies and politics today.
As "Energy Capitals" demonstrates, the discovery and exploitation
of fossil fuels has proven to be a mixed blessing in many of the
cities and regions where it has occurred.
With case studies from the United States, Canada, Mexico, Norway,
Africa, and Australia, this volume views a range of older and more
recent energy capitals, contrasts their evolutions, and explores
why some capitals were able to influence global trends in energy
production and distribution while others failed to control even
their own destinies. Chapters show how local and national politics,
social structures, technological advantages, education systems,
capital, infrastructure, labor force, supply and demand, and other
factors have affected the ability of a region to develop and
control its own fossil fuel reserves. The contributors also view
the environmental impact of energy industries and demonstrate how,
in the depletion of reserves or a shift to new energy sources,
regions have or have not been able to recover economically.
The cities of Tampico, Mexico, and Port Gentil, Gabon, have seen
their oil deposits exploited by international companies with little
or nothing to show in return and at a high cost environmentally. At
the opposite extreme, Houston, Texas, has witnessed great economic
gain from its oil, natural gas, and petrochemical industries. Its
growth, however, has been tempered by the immense strain on
infrastructure and the human transformation of the natural
environment. In another scenario, Perth, Australia, Calgary,
Alberta, and Stavanger, Norway have benefitted as the closest
established cities with administrative and financial assets for
energy production that was developed hundreds of miles away.
Whether coal, oil, or natural gas, the essays offer important
lessons learned over time and future considerations for the best
ways to capture the benefits of energy development while limiting
the cost to local populations and environments.
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