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Foundations of Human Sociality - Economic Experiments and Ethnographic Evidence from Fifteen Small-Scale Societies (Hardcover)
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Foundations of Human Sociality - Economic Experiments and Ethnographic Evidence from Fifteen Small-Scale Societies (Hardcover)
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What motives underlie the ways humans interact socially? Are these
the same for all societies? Are these part of our nature, or
influenced by our environments? Over the last decade, research in
experimental economics has emphatically falsified the textbook
representation of Homo economicus. Hundreds of experiments suggest
that people care not only about their own material payoffs, but
also about such things as fairness, equity, and reciprocity.
However, this research left fundamental questions unanswered: Are
such social preferences stable components of human nature, or are
they modulated by economic, social, and cultural environments?
Until now, experimental research could not address this question
because virtually all subjects had been university students.
Combining ethnographic and experimental approaches to fill this
gap, this book breaks new ground in reporting the results of a
large cross-cultural study aimed at determining the sources of
social (non-selfish) preferences that underlie the diversity of
human sociality. In this study, the same experiments carried out
with university students were performed in fifteen small-scale
societies exhibiting a wide variety of social, economic, and
cultural conditions. The results show that the variation in
behaviour is far greater than previously thought, and that the
differences between societies in market integration and the
importance of cooperation explain a substantial portion of this
variation, which individual-level economic and demographic
variables could not. The results also trace the extent to which
experimental play mirrors patterns of interaction found in everyday
life. The book includes a succinct but substantive introduction to
the use of game theory as an analytical tool, and to its use in the
social sciences for the rigorous testing of hypotheses about
fundamental aspects of social behaviour outside artificially
constructed laboratories. The editors also summarize the results of
the fifteen case studies in a suggestive chapter about the scope of
the project.
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