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Labouring Children - British Immigrant Apprentices to Canada, 1869–1924 (Hardcover)
Loot Price: R2,799
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Labouring Children - British Immigrant Apprentices to Canada, 1869–1924 (Hardcover)
Series: Routledge Library Editions: Immigration and Migration
Expected to ship within 10 - 15 working days
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Labouring Children (1980) is a study of child immigrants, based on
numerous original sources, and presents new views on childhood,
social work and Canadian rural communities. Between 1868 and 1925
eighty thousand British boys and girls, mostly under fourteen, were
apprenticed as agricultural labourers and domestic servants in
rural Canada. A surprising feature is the involvement of the
Evangelicals, who considered that they were giving children from
poor homes a fresh start in the world, yet who were otherwise famed
for their emphasis on the virtues of close family ties; and
conversely, the parents of the children, largely labourers, who
were at the time regarded as too ground down by economic
imperatives to find time for affection, but who expended a great
deal of effort to maintain contact across imposing distances. This
book begins with an analysis of the growing child’s place within
these families, and looks at the alternating prominence of demands
for wage labour and fear of the ‘dangerous classes’ which
influenced emigration policy idealism. The demand for child labour
in rural Canada and the work of the children is described in an
analysis of the apprenticeship system. The book also illustrates
how the British child immigrants were household rather than family
members in Canada and outsiders in the rural schoolroom as well. As
adults they did not generally become farmers but entered factory
jobs, service employment in urban Canada, migrated to the US or
returned to Britain. Finally, the book discusses the ending of the
movement after World War I, as Canadian social workers, echoing
British socialists, argued that even the children of the poor
deserved fourteen years of growing and schooling before they were
obliged to sell their labour. Incorporating much rich documentation
from numerous case records, and presenting a new quantitative use
of some of those records, this book sheds light on a dark corner of
the Canadian migrant experience.
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