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JURY DISCRIMINATION - The Supreme Court, Public Opinion, and a Grassroots Fight for Racial Equality in Mississippi (Hardcover, New)
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JURY DISCRIMINATION - The Supreme Court, Public Opinion, and a Grassroots Fight for Racial Equality in Mississippi (Hardcover, New)
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In 1906 a white lawyer named Dabney Marshall argued a case before
the Mississippi Supreme Court demanding the racial integration of
juries. He carried out a plan devised by Mississippi's foremost
black lawyer of the time: Willis Mollison. Against staggering odds,
and with the help of a friendly newspaper editor, he won. How
Marshall and his allies were able to force the court to overturn
state law and precedent, if only for a brief period, at the behest
of the U.S. Supreme Court is the subject of "Jury Discrimination,"
a book that explores the impact of the Civil War and Reconstruction
on America's civil rights history.
Christopher Waldrep traces the origins of Americans' ideas about
trial by jury and provides the first detailed analysis of jury
discrimination. Southerners' determination to keep their juries
entirely white played a crucial role in segregation, emboldening
lynchers and vigilantes like the Ku Klux Klan. As the postbellum
Congress articulated ideals of national citizenship in civil rights
legislation, most importantly the Fourteenth Amendment, factions
within the U.S. Supreme Court battled over how to read the
amendment: expansively, protecting a variety of rights against a
host of enemies, or narrowly, guarding only against rare violations
by state governments. The latter view prevailed, entombing the
amendment in a narrow interpretation that persists to this day.
Although the high court clearly denounced the overt discrimination
enacted by state legislatures, it set evidentiary rules that made
discrimination by state officers and agents extremely difficult to
prove. Had these rules been less onerous, Waldrep argues, countless
black jurors could have been seated throughout the nation at
precisely the moment when white legislators and jurists were making
and enforcing segregation laws. Marshall and Mollison's success in
breaking through Mississippi law to get blacks admitted to juries
suggests that legal reasoning plausibly founded on constitutional
principle, as articulated by the Supreme Court, could trump even
the most stubbornly prejudiced public opinion.
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