Tuberculosis (TB) is the major cause of death worldwide. The
enormity of the problem has been further worsened by the emergence
of multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains and the dual infection with
HIV. A newly identified TB threat which leaves patients virtually
untreatable using currently available anti-TB drugs is XDR-TB.
Fluoroquinoloes are increasingly being used in the treatment of
mycobacterial infections especially, tuberculosis and leprosy.
Ciprofloxacin is an antibiotic that is used to treat bacterial
infections. Ciprofloxacin stops the multiplication of bacteria by
inhibiting the reproduction and repair of their genetic material
(DNA). Ciprofloxacin is used to treat infections of the skin,
lungs, airways, bones, and joints caused by susceptible bacteria.
Although the primary mechanism of their action is by inhibiting
gyrase, other possible mechanisms can not be ruled out. The
mechanism of quinolone resistance involves primarily mutations in
the A and B subunits of the DNA gyrase. Another mechanism of
resistance to quinolones is the efflux of the drug out of the cell.
It is possible that fluoroquinolones may have some other mechanisms
of action also.
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