Recent advances in techniques and understanding in the fields of
genetics, embryology and reproductive biology have opened up new
ways to treat a wide range of medical problems. They range from new
options for infertility treatment and pre-implantation genetic
diagnosis to stem-cell-based therapies for debilitating diseases.
Since all these approaches involve the manipulation of human
gametes, embryos or embryonic cells, and could also permit more
contentious uses, they have stimulated a controversial debate as to
what aims are desirable and to what extent experiments on human
embryos are morally permissible, if permissible at all. The
situation is further complicated by the fact that scientific
projects are increasingly realized through international
co-operation and that patients are increasingly ready to seek
morally contentious medical treatment wherever it is available and
thus to bypass national legislation. In view of this situation the
Europaische Akademie assembled a temporary interdisciplinary
project group in which scientists from universities and
non-university research organizations in Europe working on the
relevant subjects were brought together and charged with
establishing a knowledge base and providing suggestions for
long-term solutions that would be acceptable for society. Presented
here are the results of this project, ranging from a discussion of
the theoretical and practical possibilities in human-embryo
experimentation and its alternatives in research on adult stem
cells, a comparison of the situations and prospects of regulation
of embryo research in Europe, a survey of European public
attitudes, and a philosophical analysis of the arguments and
argumentative strategies used in the debate."
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