This book explains how the immune system functions, namely, how
individual cells of the immune system make the decision to respond
or not to respond to foreign microbes and molecules, and how the
critical molecules function to trigger the cellular reactions in an
all-or-none (quantal) manner. To date, there has not been a
complete description of the immune system and its cells and
molecules, primarily because most of the information has
accumulated only in the last 40 years and our understanding has
been expanding rapidly only in the last 20 years. It is now clear
that the cells have evolved a way to "count" the number of foreign
antigenic molecular "hits," and they only react when a critical
number of events have accumulated. Subsequently, control over the
reaction is transferred to a systemic lymphocytotrophic hormone
system that determines the tempo, magnitude and duration of the
immune reaction.
This book explains in detail how the immune system, cells and
molecules work for the first time. With this understanding as a
basis, the pathogenesis of autoimmunity can now be understood as a
mutational usurpation of the genes encoding molecules that
participate in a sensitive feedback regulatory control of the
immune reaction. By comparison, malignant transformation is
understood as a mutational usurpation of the genes encoding the
molecules that control the quantal decision to proliferate, so that
normal ligand/receptor cell growth control is circumvented. This
molecular understanding of the immune system is especially
important for the design of successful vaccines, and also explains
why vaccines fail.
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