Water resources in the Pacific Island Network (PACN) support rich
and diverse ecosystems and aquatic communities that include corals
reefs, anchialine pools communities (endemic to Hawaii), and
freshwater stream communities. These water resources span a range
of conditions from pristine to highly impaired water bodies. Both
point and non-point sources impact the waters of many of our
network parks at various locations to varying degrees. Aquatic
resource protection is required by all the governments of the PACN,
and water quality is widely used as an indicator of aquatic
resource condition by regulators and ecologists. The United States
Clean Water Act (CWA) of 1977 requires States and Territories to
promulgate legally enforceable water quality standards (WQS) and
lists of waters not currently meeting or expected to meet the
standards. This protocol should provide the parks with some of the
summary information necessary to determine their compliance with
the applicable WQS in addition to providing correlative
environmental data to ecologists. The water quality vital sign is
closely linked with the benthic marine community, marine fish,
groundwater, and freshwater animal communities vital signs, and
monitoring efforts will be conducted in parallel to maximize data
value. The water quality protocol will be implemented in all PACN
parks. This protocol provides the methodology for addressing two
monitoring questions: 1) What are the ranges and variances of the
network water quality parameters within selected water bodies? 2)
What are the temporal and spatial trends of the network core water
quality parameters for individual water bodies or water resource
types in each park?
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