Theories of citizenship from the West pre-eminently those by
T.H. Marshall provide only a limited insight into East Asian
political history.
The Marshallian trajectory juridical, political and social
rights was not repeated in Asia and the late nineteenth-century
debate about liberalism and citizenship among intellectuals in
Japan and China was eventually stifled by war, colonialism and
authoritarian governments (both nationalist and communist).
Subsequent attempts to import western-style democratic values and
citizenship were to a large extent failures. Social rights have
rarely been systematically incorporated into the political ideology
and administrative framework of ruling governments. In reality, the
predominant concern of both the state elite and the ordinary
citizens was economic development and a modicum of material
well-being rather than civil liberties. The developmental state and
its politics take precedence in the everyday political process of
most East Asian societies.
These essays provide a systematic and comparative account of the
tensions between rapid economic growth and citizenship, and the
ways in which those tensions are played out in civil society.
General
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