This book gives a comprehensive presentation of our present
understanding of the Earth's Hydrological cycle and the problems,
consequences and impacts that go with this topic. Water is a
central component in the Earth's system. It is indispensable for
life on Earth in its present formand influences virtually every
aspect of our planet's life support system. On relatively short
time scales, atmospheric water vapor interacts with the atmospheric
circulation and is crucial in forming the Earth's climate zones.
Water vapor is the most powerful of the greenhouse gases and serves
to enhance the tropospheric temperature. The dominant part of
available water on Earth resides in the oceans. Parts are locked up
in the land ice on Greenland and Antarctica and a smaller part is
estimated to exist as groundwater. If all the ice over the land and
all the glaciers were to melt, the sea level would rise by some 80
m. In comparison, the total amount of water vapor in the atmosphere
is small; it amounts to 25 kg/m2, or the equivalent of 25 mm water
for each column of air. Yet atmospheric water vapor is crucial for
the Earth s energy balance. The book gives an up to date
presentation of the present knowledge.Previously published in
Surveys in Geophysics, Volume 35, No. 3, 2014"
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