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Differential Item and Test Functioning and Language Translation (Paperback)
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Differential Item and Test Functioning and Language Translation (Paperback)
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Often, educational and psychological measurement instruments must
be translated from one language to another when they are
administered to different cultural groups. The translation process
often necessarily introduces measurement inequivalence. Therefore,
an examination may be said to be culturally biased if the test
provides a consistent advantage to one particular race or culture
through the manner in which the test items are written.
One-thousand American and one-thousand one hundred thirty-four
Japanese examinees participating in a scuba diving certification
course completed a standardized criterion mastery test for
certification. Differential Functioning of Items and Tests (DFIT)
proposed by Raju, van der Linden, and Fleer (1995) was used to
detect Differential Item and Test Functioning (DIF/DTF). Results
from the study support the idea that the translation process
contributed little to the cause/explanation for DIF/DTF. Another
possible and more influential cause of DIF/DTF was due to
individual differences in teaching and leadership styles by
Instructors from America and Japan.
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