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Leadership and Authority in China - 1895-1978 (Hardcover)
Loot Price: R2,932
Discovery Miles 29 320
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Leadership and Authority in China - 1895-1978 (Hardcover)
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Total price: R2,952
Discovery Miles: 29 520
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This volume presents elite conflicts and political controversies in
China from 1895 to 1978 as rooted in two diametrically opposed
visions of leadership and political authority: a radical,
charismatic model that instills absolute authority in the single
leader whose "will" guides the polity and whose "word" is the basis
of policy formulation, versus an institutional model in which
authority inheres in organization and where "collective" leadership
and decision-making govern the political realm. The former model in
modern Chinese history entailed a "leader principle" and
personality cult that began with Sun Yatsen and Chiang Kaishek in
the Nationalist Party (KMT) and reached its peak with the
leadership cult of Chinese Communist Party (CCP) Chairman Mao
Zedong, especially during the 1966-1976 Great Proletarian Cultural
Revolution. The latter model with its emphasis on "collective
leadership" (jiti lingdao) and "administrative rationalism" began
as a reaction among early members of the CCP against the promotion
of the Sun and Chiang leadership cults and became a central
governing principle in the Communist Party that served as official
leadership doctrine beginning with the formation of the Party in
1921. While tensions over leadership issues were relatively muted
in the pre-1949 period and early 1950s of CCP history as an
apparent "compromise" was reached in which from 1943 onward a cult
of the leader was promoted for propaganda purposes but with
collegial decision-making governing inner Party decision-making,
the mid-to-late 1950s saw this "compromise" among the top
leadership come under increasing strain and finally break down.
Devoted to a fundamentally different vision of a "socialist" China
from other top leaders on a number of economic, social, and
political fronts, Mao Zedong pushed his domination of the policy
process that ultimately provoked a wholesale assault on the CCP
apparatus throughout the country while the leader cult reached
mythic proportions during the Cultural Revolution. Confronted by
the possibility of civil war and generally opposed to the takeover
of the polity by the radical Gang of Four led by his wife Jiang
Qing, by the mid-1970s the aging great leader acquiesced to the
rebuilding of the CCP along traditional, "institutional" lines.
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