Once there was a golden age of American thrift, when citizens
lived sensibly within their means and worked hard to stay out of
debt. The growing availability of credit in this century, however,
has brought those days to an end--undermining traditional moral
virtues such as prudence, diligence, and the delay of gratification
while encouraging reckless consumerism. Or so we commonly believe.
In this engaging and thought-provoking book, Lendol Calder shows
that this conception of the past is in fact a myth.
Calder presents the first book-length social and cultural
history of the rise of consumer credit in America. He focuses on
the years between 1890 and 1940, when the legal, institutional, and
moral bases of today's consumer credit were established, and in an
epilogue takes the story up to the present. He draws on a wide
variety of sources--including personal diaries and letters,
government and business records, newspapers, advertisements,
movies, and the words of such figures as Benjamin Franklin, Mark
Twain, and P. T. Barnum--to show that debt has always been with us.
He vigorously challenges the idea that consumer credit has eroded
traditional values. Instead, he argues, monthly payments have
imposed strict, externally reinforced disciplines on consumers,
making the culture of consumption less a playground for hedonists
than an extension of what Max Weber called the "iron cage" of
disciplined rationality and hard work.
Throughout, Calder keeps in clear view the human face of credit
relations. He re-creates the Dickensian world of nineteenth-century
pawnbrokers, takes us into the dingy backstairs offices of loan
sharks, into small-town shops and New York department stores, and
explains who resorted to which types of credit and why. He also
traces the evolving moral status of consumer credit, showing how it
changed from a widespread but morally dubious practice into an
almost universal and generally accepted practice by World War II.
Combining clear, rigorous arguments with a colorful, narrative
style, Financing the American Dream will attract a wide range of
academic and general readers and change how we understand one of
the most important and overlooked aspects of American social and
economic life.
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