The corpus callosum is the largest fibre tract in the human brain
and subserves many of the brain's higher-order functions.
Disconnection syndromes resulting from surgical ablation,
developmental absence (agenesis of the corpus callosum), disease,
or injury of the corpus callosum can have profound consequences on
cognition. Callosal development involves an intricate series of
sequential and concurrent processes, including telencephalic
induction, midline tissue patterning, production and specification
of callosal neurons. In addition, axon extension and long-range
axonal guidance from one hemisphere to the other are required for
functional circuit formation in the contralateral hemisphere.
Genetic or traumatic disruption to any part of this sequence is
pathogenic. Understanding the key processes involved in callosal
development is the first step in providing both better
neuropsychological outcomes and improved diagnostic and prognostic
tools for congenital disconnection syndromes in the future.
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