Obesity worldwide represents a public health problem, compromising
life expectancy in children and adolescents, and has been
associated with mortality and a higher risk of developing
non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Advances in Health and Disease.
Volume 17 investigates the association of adiponectin concentration
with metabolic and inflammatory profiles of adolescents with
obesity and diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is considered the hepatic
manifestation of obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes
mellitus, where the main toxic mediators in this condition are free
fatty acids, triglycerides and cholesterol accumulation. In the
context of liver transplantation, recipient hemodynamic stability
is necessary for its reliable measurement. As such, the authors
discuss how the plasma disappearance rate of indocyanine green has
shown usefulness in different pathologies. The authors go on to
discuss spondylosis, a defect in the pars interarticularis of the
neural arch, which is a common cause of back pain. The management
principles of symptomatic spondylolisthesis have remained
consistent over the decades; however, there is a constant evolution
in the understanding of the biomechanics of spondylolisthesis,
reduction techniques, and fusion modalities. The symptoms,
diagnosis and treatment of degenerative spondylolisthesis and
isthmic spondylolisthesis in the lumbar spine are discussed.
Following this, the authors review the current understanding of
delirium pathophysiology, examining the current evidence-based
guidelines regarding the screening, prevention and treatment of
delirium as relevant to the bedside clinician. This compilation
also explores awake craniotomy, a neurosurgical approach performed
with the patient awake during the procedure. This approach is
increasingly widespread for the surgical treatment of
supratentorial cortical lesions and, in particular, for the
excision of lesions near or within the motor or language areas. The
penultimate chapter examines age-related macular degeneration, the
leading cause of irreversible visual function decrease among
elderly individuals in developed countries. Most of the patients
are affected by the atrophic, non-exudative form that is
characterized by the occurrence of progressive atrophy of the
retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors. The final study
focuses on Clostridium dificile infections associated with high
incidence, mortality, and healthcare costs. C. dificile infections
are mainly linked to the use of wide-spectrum antibiotics that
disrupt the intestinal microbiota equilibrium.
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