As a field, anthropology brings an explicit evolutionary approach
to the study of human behavior. Each of anthropology's four main
subfields - sociocultural, biological, archaeology, and linguistic
anthropology--acknowledges that Homo sapiens has a long
evolutionary history that must be acknowledged if one is to know
what it means to be a human being (What is Anthropology?).
The papers in this volume embody the view of anthropology
explicit in the above statement. Behavioral ecology explains human
behavior through the application of evolutionary theory in
ecological context. It focuses on how behavior is influenced by the
constraints of reproduction and resources acquisition. As a result,
its purview is a wide swath of anthropology, especially economic
anthropology. Human behavior varies through the life course, and
humans make choices or exhibit behavioral variation depending on
the costs, benefits, and constraints of local socioeconomic
contexts. Pan-human conscious and unconscious processes generate
these ???decisions???, because over evolutionary time scales they
produced, on average, behavior that increased the relative
reproductive success of their bearers. Behavioral ecology examines
these adaptive behavioral responses to local conditions.
The volume??'s papers demonstrate behavioral ecology's
maturation as a subfield of anthropology. They demonstrate the
breadth of problems that can be gainfully addressed within the
paradigm and the richness of specific hypotheses and data that this
perspective can generate. The papers also show how behavioral
ecology conceptually integrates the core of biological anthropology
with the other subdisciplines by providing a common frameworkfor
investigating and understanding basic economic questions.
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