Questions surrounding the concept of legitimacy--the force that
keeps a polity together, and whose absence causes it to
shatter--are possibly the most important concern of a study of
politics. M. F. N. Giglioli examines the shift to a distinctly
modern understanding of the concept in Continental Europe,
following the crisis of liberal rationalism in the late nineteenth
century, and the search for new ways of envisaging the determinants
of collective action into the twentieth century.
The author examines certain aspects of the intellectual and
political background of early twentieth-century theories of
legitimacy elaborated by Max Weber and Antonio Gramsci. These
theories are interpreted as the outcome of a contested process of
redefinition of the concept, itself prompted by the social and
political circumstances of the late nineteenth century, such as
economic modernization and the attempt to incorporate the working
class into the political system.
This is the first book in a generation to offer a general
reassessment of issues of legitimacy in political thought at the
turn of the twentieth century. It examines the development of the
concept in France, Italy, and Germany during the half-century or so
following the Paris Commune. It discusses six key critics of
classical Victorian liberalism on the revolutionary Left and the
conservative Right. The political position and biography of each is
a central focus of the study, as the culture of the age was
decisively shaped by reflection on the social role of
intellectuals.
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