What is a fair distribution of resources and other goods when
individuals are partly responsible for their achievements? This
book develops a theory of fairness incorporating a concern for
personal responsibility, opportunities and freedom. With a critical
perspective, it makes accessible the recent developments in
economics and philosophy that define social justice in terms of
equal opportunities. It also proposes new perspectives and original
ideas. The book separates mathematical sections from the rest of
the text, so that the main concepts and ideas are easily accessible
to non-technical readers.
It is often thought that responsibility is a complex notion, but
this monograph proposes a simple analytical framework that makes it
possible to disentangle the different concepts of fairness that
deal with neutralizing inequalities for which the individuals are
not held responsible, rewarding their effort, respecting their
choices, or staying neutral with respect to their responsibility
sphere. It dwells on paradoxes and impossibilities only as a way to
highlight important ethical options and always proposes solutions
and reasonable compromises among the conflicting values surrounding
equality and responsibility.
The theory is able to incorporate disincentive problems and is
illustrated in the examination of applied policy issues such as:
income redistribution when individuals may be held responsible for
their choices of labor supply or education; social and private
insurance when individuals may be held responsible for their risky
lifestyle; second chance policies; the measurement of inequality of
opportunities and social mobility.
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