Many Latino and Chinese women who immigrated to New York City
over the past two decades found work in the garment industry-an
industry well known for both hiring immigrants and its harsh
working conditions. Today the garment industry is one of the
largest immigrant employers in New York City and workers in
Chinese- and Korean-owned factories produce 70 percent of all
manufactured clothing in New York City. Based on extensive
interviews with workers and employers, Margaret M. Chin, offers a
detailed and complex portrait of the work lives of Chinese and
Latino garment workers. Chin, whose mother and aunts worked in
Chinatown's garment industry, also explores how immigration status,
family circumstances, ethnic relations, and gender affect the
garment industry workplace. In turn, she analyzes how these factors
affect whom employers hire and what wages and benefits are given to
the employees.
Chin's study contrasts the working conditions and hiring
practices of Korean- and Chinese-owned factories. Her comparison of
the two practices illuminates how ethnic ties both improve and
hinder opportunities for immigrants. While both sectors take
advantage of workers and are characterized by low wages and lax
enforcement of safety regulations-there are crucial differences. In
the Chinese sector, owners encourage employees, almost entirely
female, to recruit new workers, especially friends and family.
Though Chinese workers tend to be documented and unionized, this
work arrangement allows owners to maintain a more paternalistic
relationship with their employees. Gender also plays a major role
in channeling women into the garment industry, as Chinese
immigrants, particularly those with children, tend to maintain
traditional gender roles in the workplace. Korean-owned shops,
however, hire mostly undocumented Mexican and Ecuadorian workers,
both male and female. These workers tend not to have children and
are thus less tied to traditional gender roles. Unlike their
Chinese counterparts, Korean employers hire workers on their own
terms and would rather not allow current employees to influence
their decisions.
Chin's work also provides an overview of the history of the
garment industry, examines immigration strategies, and concludes
with a discussion of changes in the industry in the aftermath of
9/11.
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