Books > Language & Literature > Language & linguistics > Semantics (meaning) > Pragmatics
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Meanings as Species (Paperback)
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Meanings as Species (Paperback)
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Mark Richard presents an original picture of meaning according to
which a word's meaning is analogous to the biological lineages we
call species. His primary thesis is that a word's meaning - in the
sense of what one needs to track in order to be a competent speaker
- is the collection of assumptions its users make in using it and
expect their hearers to recognize as being made. Meaning is
something that is spread across a population, inherited by each new
generation of speakers from the last, and typically evolving in so
far as what constitutes a meaning changes in virtue of the
interactions of speakers with their (linguistic and social)
environment. Meanings as Species develops and defends the analogy
between the biological and the linguistic, and includes a
discussion of the senses in which the processes of meaning change
are and are not like evolution via natural selection. Richard
argues that thinking of meanings as species supports Quine's
insights about analyticity without rendering talk about meaning
theoretically useless. He also discusses the relations between
meaning as what the competent speaker knows about her language,
meaning as the determinant of reference and truth conditions, and
meaning qua what determines what sentence uses say. This book
contains insightful discussions of a wide range of topics in the
philosophy of language, including: relations between meaning and
philosophical analysis, the project of 'conceptual engineering',
the senses in which meaning is and is not compositional, the degree
to which to which referential meaning is indeterminate, and what
such indeterminacy might tells us about propositional attitudes
like belief and assertion.
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