Sicker asserts that the Mosaic canon, the Pentateuch, is first
and foremost a library of essentially political teachings and
documents, and that the first eleven chapters of the book of
"Genesis" set forth in essence a general Mosaic political
philosophy. These writings take a unique mythopoeic approach to the
construction of a normative political theory intended to undergird
the idea of a mutual covenant between God and the people of Israel
that is to be realized in history in the creation of the ideal
society. It is with the elaboration of the political ideas
reflected in these early chapters of "Genesis" that this book is
concerned.
For the modern reader, the biblical texts should be understood
as postulating some basic ideas of Mosaic moral and political
philosophy that, in Sicker's view, continue to be applicable in
contemporary times. First, man is endowed with free will, however
constrained by circumstances it may be, and with the intellect to
govern and direct it in appropriate paths. Accordingly, he is
individually responsible for his actions and must be held
accountable for them. Second, man has a necessary relation to God
whether he wishes it or not. Prudence alone will therefore dictate
that compliance with divine precept is in man's best interest.
Third, the notion that man can create a moral society without
reference to God is a deceptive illusion. Man's ability to
rationalize even his most outrageous behavior clearly indicates the
need for an unimpeachable source and standard of moral authority.
Fourth, until all men accept the preceding principles, the idea of
a universal state is both dangerous and counterproductive. In the
20th century, we have witnessed two different attempts to create
such a world state, both of which produced totalitarian
monstrosities. Fifth, individualism as a social philosophy tends to
be destructive of traditional values and must be tempered by the
idea of communal responsibility. A survey of particular interest to
scholars, researchers, and students interested in Jewish history,
political thought, and the Old Testament.
General
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