When the fighting of the Mexican Revolution died down in 1920, the
national government faced the daunting task of building a cohesive
nation. It had to establish control over a disparate and needy
population and prepare the country for global economic competition.
As part of this effort, the government enlisted the energy of
artists and intellectuals in cultivating a distinctly Mexican
identity. It devised a project for the incorporation of indigenous
peoples and oversaw a vast, innovative program in the arts. The
Eagle and the Virgin examines the massive nation-building project
Mexico undertook between 1920 and 1940.Contributors explore the
nation-building efforts of the government, artists, entrepreneurs,
and social movements; their contradictory, often conflicting
intersection; and their inevitably transnational nature. Scholars
of political and social history, communications, and art history
describe the creation of national symbols, myths, histories, and
heroes to inspire patriotism and transform workers and peasants
into efficient, productive, gendered subjects. They analyze the
aesthetics of nation building made visible in murals, music, and
architecture; investigate state projects to promote health,
anticlericalism, and education; and consider the role of mass
communications, such as cinema and radio, and the impact of road
building. They discuss how national identity was forged among
social groups, specifically political Catholics, industrial
workers, middle-class women, and indigenous communities. Most
important, the volume weighs in on debates about the tension
between the eagle (the modernizing secular state) and the Virgin of
Guadalupe (the Catholic defense of faith and morality). It argues
that despite bitter, violent conflict, the symbolic repertoire
created to promote national identity and memory making eventually
proved capacious enough to allow the eagle and the virgin to
coexist peacefully. Contributors. Adrian Bantjes, Katherine Bliss,
Maria Teresa Fernandez, Joy Elizabeth Hayes, Joanne Hershfield,
Stephen E. Lewis, Claudio Lomnitz, Rick A. Lopez, Sarah M. Lowe,
Jean Meyer, James Oles, Patrice Olsen, Desmond Rochfort, Michael
Snodgrass, Mary Kay Vaughan, Marco Velazquez, Wendy Waters, Adriana
Zavala
General
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