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Books > Business & Economics > Business & management > Management & management techniques > Organizational theory & behaviour
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The Transnational Activities of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (Hardcover, 1998 ed.)
Loot Price: R3,032
Discovery Miles 30 320
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The Transnational Activities of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (Hardcover, 1998 ed.)
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measure of the rate of innovation --research-and-development
(R&D) expenditure per employee compared to new patents received
per employee -- does not adequately capture a unique feature of
SMEs, namely that owners and managers are often themselves
innovators. For example, in Japan 52 per cent of SMEs' innovations
reported in 1986 were created by employers, whereas in large firms
72 per cent of innovations were created by research technicians.
Nevertheless, patchy evidence from Germany, the United Kingdom and
the United States indicates that SMEs at least hold their own in
terms of innovation compared to large firms. Perhaps most
significantly, a recent study indicates that, while the total
number of innovations is positively related to R&D
expenditures, skilled labour and the degree to which large firms
comprise the industry, in innovative industries innovative activity
tends to emanate more from SMEs than large firms. This is probably
because in industries where large firms dominate, SMEs need to be
innovative to survive. There is much information to suggest that in
technologies such as micro-electronics, new materials and
biotechnology SMEs tend to be in the vanguard of innovation. Small
and medium-sized enterprises as exporters. The contribution of SMEs
to a national economy from exporting is generally small; for
example, in Japan SMEs accounted for only 13 per cent of
merchandise exports in 1990.
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